Ithini incazelo yokuzwa kwethu izwi elingaphakathi kanye nenkhulumomphendvulwano nalo?

Ithini incazelo yokuzwa kwethu izwi elingaphakathi kanye nenkhulumomphendvulwano nalo?

“Izwi elicashile ekhanda” lingaba umgxeki onamandla kakhulu womuntu noma umsekeli omkhulu kunabo bonke, futhi ukukhuluma yedwa kwaziwa ngokusiza ukunikeza iziqondiso, ukunikeza iseluleko, ukuprakthiza izingxoxo ezinzima, ngisho nokukhumbuza eziningi ngezindaba zokuphila kwansuku zonke, ngokombiko oshicilelwe. ngewebhusayithi. Isayensi Ephilayo.

Umbiko uveze ukuthi kudala kunenkolelo yokuthi ukuzikhulumela noma iphimbo elingaphakathi abantu abaningi abalilalelayo lisuke liyingxenye yomuntu, kodwa kuvele ukuthi abanye bangase bangaphili isimo sokuncenga umphefumulo. amagama noma imisho, lapho bengacabanga khona isithombe noma isimo Kunabantu abangalaleli noma yimaphi amagama noma imisho futhi abangakwazi ukucabanga noma ukubona ngeso lengqondo noma yiziphi izinto ezisezingqondweni zabo.

U-Helen Lowenbrook, umcwaningi omkhulu we-psychology kanye neurocognition kanye nenhloko yethimba lezilimi e-French National Center for Research CNRS, uthe "okushiwo inkulumo yangaphakathi yokukhuluma yedwa, ukuthi umuntu angakwazi ukuqhuba inkulumo yangasese eqondiswe kuye. ngokuthula futhi ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi inkulumo noma izwi," ngamanye amazwi. Yilokho okungachazwa ngokuthi i- monologue noma ukuzikhulumela buthule. Phakathi ne-monologue yangempela, umuntu ucishe "ezwe" izwi lakhe langaphakathi, futhi uyazi ngisho namathoni namathoni. Isibonelo, ithoni yezwi "ingazwakala" njengokucasuka noma ukukhathazeka.

Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kwemi-5 neyi-7 zingasebenzisa buthule izwi langaphakathi noma ukukhuluma ngazodwa. Ezinye izifundo ziphakamisa ukuthi izingane zingasebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwefonetiki yangaphakathi zisenezinyanga eziyi-18 kuya kwezingama-21 ubudala.

Ucwaningo lukaSolwazi Lowenbrook lukhuluma ngokukhuluma yedwa ngezinhlangothi ezintathu, ngokocwaningo lwango-2019 yena nethimba lakhe abalushicilela kuFrontiers in Psychology.

Ubukhulu bokuqala “ingxoxo,” okungaba inkulumo yangaphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi. Kuleli qophelo kunenkulumompikiswano mayelana nokuthi kunembile yini ukubiza yonke inkulumo yangaphakathi ngokuthi "i-monologue". Ngakho-ke ubukhulu bokuqala bulinganisa ukuthi umuntu ucabanga ngendlela ye-monologue noma inkhulumomphendvulwano naye ngokwakhe. I- monologue ivele yenzeka lapho othile ecabanga ngento efana nokuthi, “Ngidinga ukuthenga isinkwa.” Bangezwa izwi elingaphakathi lilandisa lo musho. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, lapho umuntu ofanayo ecabanga ngenye into, kungase kungabi nje igama noma umusho lapho engakwazi khona “ukulalela” amaphuzu amaningana okubuka futhi akwazi ukushintshana naye ngemibono engxoxweni ethule.

Ngokuqondene nesigaba sesibili, sihlobene nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukufingqa,” okuyisilinganiso sezinga umuntu ahlala ngalo enkulumweni yangaphakathi noma ekukhulumeni kwakhe. Ngezinye izikhathi umuntu ucabanga kuphela ngamagama alula noma izenzo zomzimba. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho enengxoxo ebalulekile nomunye umuntu noma enza isethulo sezilaleli ngokwesibonelo, angase acabange ngayo yonke imisho nezigaba.

Uhlangothi lwesithathu luphathelene “nenhloso” yokuzibandakanya ekuzitikeni ngamabomu. Ukuzibandakanya ngamabomu ekukhulumeni uwedwa kwenzeka ngezizathu ezingaziwa. Ukuzikhulumela ngezinye izikhathi kungase kudlulele ezihlokweni ezingahleliwe nezibonakala zinqanyuliwe.

USolwazi Lovenbrook wengeze ngokuthi, ngocwaningo olwenziwa nguProfesa Russell Hurlburt, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo eNyuvesi yaseNevada eLas Vegas ngasekupheleni kwawo-XNUMX, umbono omdala wokuthi “bonke abantu bancike ezwini elingaphakathi lokukhuluma bebodwa” kwaba ngokokuqala ngqa ukuba inselele. .

U-Hurlburt wahlola izinkulumo ezikhuluma zodwa zezisebenzi zokuzithandela eziningana ezazisebenzisa umshini okhala njalo futhi okwakudingeka zibhale phansi lokho ezikucabangayo noma ezibhekana nakho ngaphambi nje kokuba lukhale. Bese kuthi ithimba lakhe labacwaningi lixoxe ngalokho okubhalwe phansi nabahlanganyeli bocwaningo.

Futhi uma umhlanganyeli ebhala phansi isisho esithi “Ngidinga ukuthenga isinkwa,” umcwaningi wayembuza ukuthi yilokho ayekucabanga ngempela, okusho ukuthi wayecabanga igama elithi “isinkwa” ngokuqondile, noma uzizwa elambile, noma kukhona umuzwa esiswini sakhe? Ngobuningi bemihlangano, ukusebenza kwabahlanganyeli kwaba ngcono ekuvezeni imibono yabo yangempela.

Ekugcineni, uSolwazi Lowenbrook uthe, le ndlela yokwenza iveze ukuthi abanye abantu bakhuluma bodwa, sengathi “kunomsakazo emakhanda abo”. Kodwa abanye babenenkulumo yangaphakathi encane kunokuvamile, futhi iqembu lesithathu lalingenakho nhlobo ukukhuluma yedwa kwangaphakathi, lalinemifanekiso nje, imizwelo, nemizwelo, kodwa lingezwanga izwi elingaphakathi noma amazwi.

Ukuntuleka kwe-monologue yangaphakathi kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi "i-aphantasia", ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi "ubumpumputhe beso lengqondo." Abantu abane-Aphantasia abanazo izinto ezibonwayo ezingqondweni zabo, abakwazi ukubona ngeso lengqondo igumbi labo lokulala noma ubuso bukanina. UProfesa Lovenbrook wabonisa ukuthi labo abangenalo ikhono lokubona ngeso lengqondo noma lokucabanga, ngokuvamile bayantula ukulalela ingxoxo ecacile yokuziphendulela.

USolwazi Lowenbrook wachaza ukuthi i-afantasia kanye nokuntuleka kwezwi elingaphakathi akuyona into embi ngempela, kodwa ukuthi ukuqonda kangcono inkulumo yangaphakathi kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezinqubo zokucabanga abantu abadlula kuzo kungaba isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuthuthukisa “izindlela zokufunda nokufundisa. ukufundisa ngokujwayelekile.”

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